Mary Dixon Memorial Chapel
Lititz, Lancaster County, PA
Architect: Willis G. Hale. Built 1883-85
Mary Dixon Memorial Chapel at Linden Hall, Lititz, PA 17543. This building’s dramatic design represents one of Lancaster County’s most flamboyant use of local building stone.
1885:
"The Most Beautiful Chapel in Lancaster County"
Above: Image source: LNP Archives
Above: Bands of local limestone alternate with native sandstone, like interbedded bedrock strata. The limestone came from Heubener quarries of Lititz. The sandstone is from quarries in Brickerville and Schaefferstown.
Above: Architect Willis Hale’s short columns are reminiscent of the stubby columns of Architect Frank Furness.
Description in Our Present Past (1985)
By the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County:
“Mary Dixon Memorial Chapel, East Main Street, south side, on Church Square; c. 1884; three story, three bay Gothic Revival style polychromatic stone chapel with bell tower; part of Linden Hall, oldest girls’ school in United States, founded in 1748 in Moravian congregation; chapel designed by Willis G. Hale of Philadelphia.” Our Present Past, page 200, Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County.
Above: The unusual round-ended dormers are characteristic of the work of Architect Willis Hale. Originally the roof displayed even more drama, as the roof was covered with red and yellow tile from Akron, Ohio.
Architect Willis G. Hale of Philadelphia:
Above: Architect Willis G. Hale.
Image source: Wikimedia (Frame added)
Architect Willis G. Hale
His Philadelphia Masterworks:
Above: Philadelphia buildings by Willis G. Hale. Clockwise from upper left: Bingham House Hotel (1890), Hale Building (1889), Widener Mansion (1887), Record Building (1885), . Image sources: Willis-G-Hale Wikimedia, PAB,
Architectural Influences
From Philadelphia to Lancaster County:
Philadelphia architect Frank Furness was among the most creative and highest-paid American architects of his time. His outside-the-box buildings followed no rules and blazed their own trails.
Architect Willis Hale, who designed the Dixon Chapel, was much influenced by Frank Furness. Hale borrowed Furness’ enthusiasm for unconventional building forms and exuberant ornamentation.
Both Philadelphia architects influenced C. Emlen Urban, who became Lancaster’s most important homegrown architect. In the 1880s Emlen Urban was an apprentice / draftsman for Willis Hale in Philadelphia. Emlen Urban’s work for Hale included the Dixon Chapel.
Emlen Urban Worked for the Chapel’s Architect:
Above: Architect Willis Hale completed the Mary Dixon Chapel in 1885. During that time Lancaster’s young architect C. Emlen Urban was an apprentice for Hale in Philadelphia. Their office was in the Record Building, (above right) which Hale had recently designed. Images sources: LNP Archives, Postcard: eBay
Emlen Urban’s Work with Architect Willis Hale:
Above: Image source: LNP Archives
The Building Stone:
From Local Quarries:
Above: Image source: LNP Archives
Lititz Limestone and Local Sandstone
Map of Bedrock & Building Stone:
Above: The Mary Dixon Chapel was built with limestone from the Huebner quarries of Lititz, and with sandstone from Brickerville quarries. This map shows the local bedrock formations of those quarries. Some sandstone also came from Schaefferstown quarries. Image based on PaGEODE map.
The Chapel’s Builders
38 Stone Masons and Assistants:
Above: Image source: LNP Archives
More Historic Stone Buildings of Lititz
Built with Local Limestone:
Above: The Mueller House. The stone section on the right was built by Johannes Mueller in 1792. It is operated by the Lititz Historical Foundation.
The Schropp House. This home was built in 1793 by nailsmith Christian Schropp.Today it is the home of the Lititz Museum.
Above: This 1790 house was previously used as a residence for students of Linden Hall Girls’ School. 207 East Main Street, Lititz.
Above: Blacksmith Charles Grosh built this home for his family in the late 1700s. 300 East Main Street, Lititz.